Admitting diagnosis: Egtopic pregnancy Essay

Chief Complain: The patient presents in the emergency this morning, complaining of lower abdominal pain. HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: the patient states that she has been having vaginal bleeding more like spotting over the past month, she denies the chance of pregnancy although she states she is sexually active and using no birth control. Gynecologic History: Patient is graved to par 1 abortus 1. her only child is a year old 15 year old daughter who lives in Texas that lives with her grandmother. PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: Positive for hepatitis B PAST SURGICAL HISTORY: Pilonidal cyst removed in the remote past, has plastic surgery on her ears child. SOCIAL HISTORY: Married, has 1 daughter, patient works as a substitute teacher, smokes 1 pack of cigarettes on a daily basis. Denies EtOH. Smoked marijuana last night, no iv drug abuse. ALLERGIES: Tetanus MEDICATION: None REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: Patient complains of lower abdominal pain for the past week. Apparently got much worse last night, and by this morning wasn’t tolerable. She is also having some nausea and vomiting, denies hematemesis and mel She has had vaginal spotting over the past month with questionable vaginal discharge as well. denies the frequency, urgency and hematuria and denies arthralgia. Review of systems is otherwise essentially negative. PHYSICAL EXAM: Vital signs show temperature 97 degrees. pulse 53 respirations 22. blood pressure 108/60. GENERAL: Physical exam revels a well developed, well nourished 35 year old white female is the moderate amount of distress the time of the examination, HEENT are all remarkable except poor indentation. neck is soft and supple. CHEST: Lungs are clear in both fields. HEART: Regular rate and rhythm. ABDOMEN: soft but positive  tenderness of her lower abdominal area. Fundus was not palpable. above the pubic area. Left andexal are more than tender than the right. VAGINAL: The cervix is closed. a moderate amount of motherapulient vaginal discharge is noted. the patient wouldn’t allow me to perform a bimanual examination due to her pain. so the speculum was withdrawn. EXTERMITIES: No clot or edema. NUEROLOGICAL-in tact urea x3, no nuerologica defictest. DIAGNOSTIC: Dr. on admission hemoglobin 12.8 grams, hemaocrit is 36.6%. urine analysis is essentially negative. beta hcg is positive wit the WBC count of 23,278 RADIOLOGY: Pelvic ultrasounds shows a 7 week 4 day off viable ectopic pregnancy per radiologist. the patient was given Demerol 25mg and Phenergan 25mg iv for the pain after her report was obtained. she was also given Claforan 1 gram iv, I paged Dr. Gerald GYN, physician as soon as they received the ultrasound report at approximately 10 am he was not in his north Miami office. I paged the south Miami office and reached Dr. Gerards office at approximately 10:15am. his office personnel advised me that he is not on call, Dr. Vonbeck is on call. I spoke with Dr. Vonbeck at approximately 10:25 am and she will be here to take the patient to the operating room. ADMITTING DIAGNOSIS: Left Ectopic 1st trimester pregnancy. The patient received and iv of lactated ringer’s upon the arrival in the emergency room. This was normal saline while we were awaiting Dr. Vonbecks arrival. The surgical procedure was explained the patient and her husband all the risk and benefits were discussed. Then assessing in immediate surgery and informed consent was signed. no old records are available for review. Dr McClure end dictation. Rosemary Bumbak dictating a OPERATIVE REPORT Patient Name: Brenda C. Seggerman Patient ID: 903321 Date of Admission: 03/27/2012 Date of Surgery: 03/27/2012 Surgeon: Rosemary Bumbak, MD Assistant: Michael Gerard , DO Anesthesiologist: General and tracheal by Dr. Avalon Estimated Blood Loss: approximately 1000ml required transfusion of 2 units of whole blood. specimen removed portion of left fallopian tube containing the ectopic pregnancy. Preoperative Diagnosis: left tubectoipc pregnancy Postoperative Diagnosis: 1 rupture let tubal ectopic pregnancy 2. Hemoperiteoneum 3-pelvic adhesions Surgical Procedures: 1-exploratory laperotomy 2-partial salpingectomy 3-evauation of hempopatium 4-lisis of adhesions Procedure in detail: The patient was prepped and draped in the usual manner and placed under adequate general anesthesia, Pfannenstiel incision was preformed and carried through skin and subcutanous tissue, fascia and peritoneum. the paritenial cavity was entered. the hemoparituim was noted, and approximately 500 ml of blood was rapid evacuated from the pelvic cavity, as were large cloths, following this, the bowel was packed away the pelvic area with packing lapse. A retaining retractor was introduced. The left fallopian tube was noted. A large tubalectopic pregnancy was noted effecting approximately the distal half of the fallopian tube. Following this Heaney clamp was placed and the mesosalpinx cell and another curver clamp was paced in the proximal aspect of the left fallopian tube beyond the area of ectopic pregnancy. A patial salpiingectomy was preformed. removing the portion of the left fallopian tube containing the ectopic pregnancy. Heaney clamps were replaced with sutures with #1 micro. Hemostasis was checked again and no bleeding was detected. Further evacuation of blood and blood clots was then preformed. the right fallopian tube was noted to be covered with adhesions both tubular variatand tubal uterine The adhesions were then sharply lysed freeing the right fallopian tube. Hemostasis was checked again. No bleeding was detected. Mild cirrhosis abrasion was noted was noted where the area of the ectopic pregnancy was apparently attached to the bowel and not bleeding and was very superficial. hemostasis was checked and no bleeding was detected. The peritoneum was closed continuously was homeochinoc suture. The facsia was approximated was inntrupted with  figure of 8 stitches of micro and the skin was approximated with staple gun. The patient tolerated the procedure well and left the operating room in satisfactory condition. All counts were correct. Blood loss was estimated at 1000ml which was replaced with 2 untis of whole blood while in recovery. Rosemary Bumpbak, MD OBGYN DIAGNOSTIC REPORT Dr Donna Harrison dictation Patient Name: Brenda C. Seggerman Patient ID: 903321 Date of Admission: 3-27-2012 ER Physician: Alex McClure MD Transvaginal ultrasound on 3-27-14 Patient History: Serve left pelvic pain rule out ectopic pregnancy. Pregnancy test is positive. Findings-transabdominal imaging demonstrates utures with small amount of fluid within it Psudodecidual sign. There is a large amount of hemorrhage seen within the left adnexa. no embryo is seen. The right ovary is unremarkable Endovaginal examination was performed in searched of viable ectopic. One is seen with crown length with 1.3cm corresponding to 7 weeks and 4 days. A large amount of free fluid is seen, esooudo gestuational sac is noted within the uterus which is oblong. IMPRESSION: A left sided ectopic pregnancy is found with large amount of hemorrhage is noted and extending into the cul-de-sac the hemorrhage measures 13x6x10cm. Dr. McClur and the emergency room was notified which notified the surgeon and is on her way, end of report Dr Harrison. (Contiuned) _________________________ Dr. Donna Harrison NN:EF D: 3/27/2012 T: 3/27/2012 Please send a copy of this report to Rosemary Bumbak, MD OBGYN DISCHARGE SUMMARY Rosemary Bumbak, MD OBGYN Patient Name : Brenda C. Seggerman Patient ID: 903321 Date of Admission: 03/27/2012 Date of Discharge: 03/30/2012 Admitting Diagnosis: ectopic pregnancy Surgical procedures: 1-expoloratory laparotomy 2-partioal salpingectomy 3-evacation of hemoparitoneum 4-lises of adhesions Complication-blood loss requiring transfusion x2 History: This 35 year old white female Gravida 3 para 10121 had her last menstrual cycle in early January. Prior menstrual cycles had been regular. She reported no contraceptives but not attempting pregnancy. Patient presented to the emergency room complaining of vaginal bleeding with pain in lower pelvic area. ultrasound preformed in the emergency room showed a 13.8 cm left adnexall mass with positive cardiac activity compatible with ectopic pregnancy. Hospital Course: On 3-27-2014 the patient underwent exploratory laparotomy, left partial salpingectomy, evacuation of hemoparitoneum, and lyses of adhesions. Blood loss was approx 1000ml and was replaced with transfusion of 2 units of red blood cells the blood type was noted to be ORH negative and RhoGAM was provided. The patient was discharged on post operative on day number 3 on after having a normal bowel movement she was discharged with complaints on no medications. She understood her instructions regarding follow up, wound care a nd limitations Rosemary Bumbak ,MD OBGYN PATHOLOGY REPORT Berry J Lzano, dictation for PATIENT NAME: Brenda C. Seggerman. PATIENT ID: 903321 Date of Admission: 3/27/2012 Surgery: 3-27-2014 Admitting diagnosis: Ectopic pregnancy Surgeon: Rosemary Bumback, MD OBGYN Pathological Findings: 03-s-965 specimen received 3/27 specimen report 3-320 Procedure: left partial salpingectomy The patient has a ectopic pregnancy as proven by pelvic ultrasound. tissue received left fallopian tube. GROSS PATHOLOGY: desc examination of designated â€Å"left fallopian tube† reveals a left fallopian tube measuring 6cm in length and 2.3 cm in normal width. Sectioning of the tube reveals a distending of the tube with blood clot and possible field tissue. reprehensive sections are places in 1-c for embedding MICROSCOPIC: Microscopic examination was preformed

Animal Rights and Human Wrongs Essay

Are there limits on how human beings can legitimately treat non-human animals? Or can we treat them just any way we please? If there are limits, what are they? Are they sufficiently strong, as som e peop le supp ose, to lead us to be veg etarians and to se riously curtail, if not eliminate, our use of non-human animals in `scientific’ experiments designed to benefit us? To fully ap preciate this question let me contrast it with two different ones: Are there limits on how we can legitimately treat rocks? And: are there limits on how we can legitima tely treat other human beings? The an swer to th e first ques tion is pre suma bly `No.’ Well, that’s not q uite right. There are som e limits on what w e can le gitimate ly do with or to rocks. If Paula has a pet rock, then Susan can’t justifiably take it away or smash it with a sledge hammer. After all it is Paula’s rock. Or if there is a rock of unusual beauty or special human interest say the Old Man of Hoy or Mt. Rushmore it would be inappropriate , and pro bably im mora l, for me to te ar it down , to deface it, or to chisel o ut a sectio n to use in my ca tapult. These limits though, arise not from any direct concern for the rocks; rather, they are imposed because of the interests a nd rights of other h uman s. Susan can’t take Paula’s rock for the same reason she can’t take Paula’s eraser: it is Paula’s and Paula has a right to those things which are hers. And no one ca n destro y or defa ce items of specia l natural b eauty because by doing so one is indirectly harming the interests of other humans in them. So there are limits on what we can legitimately do to inanim ate objects, but whatever limits there are arise from some human concern.1 Not so for our treatment of other humans. We suppose that it is inappropriate to tr eat a human being just any way we wish. I cannot steal another human; that would be kidnapping. Nor can I sm ash so meon e with a sledgehammer; that would be, depending on the outcome, assault, attempted m urder, or murder. And the reason I cannot do these things has nothing to do with what third parties d o or don ‘t want. It has to do with the interest and desires of that particular person. It is wrong for Susan to hit Paula , not beca use oth er peo ple like Paula or because other people would be offended, but because Paula is a person. Period. Thus, there is a fundamental contrast between those objects which we can treat as we please (excep t when limited by the interests of other humans) and those which we canno t. Ordinary rocks fall into the first camp; humans, into the later. Now, what about nonhuman animals? Do they fall into the first or the se cond c amp? Or som ewhe re in between? There are reasons to believe that many animals and certainly the higher-order anima ls are more like humans than they are like rocks. Thus, we have reason to believe there are constraints on how we can legitimately treat them, regardless of our particular wishes and desires. Or so I shall argue. For the moment I will simply note that these are beliefs which most of us already have. That is, most of us presume that it is illegitimate to treat animals just anyway we wish. For exam ple, mo st of us be lieve it is wrong to wanto nly kill or torture a higher o rder m amm al. Suppose we discover that some member of our commun ity, say Jones, has a habit of picking up stray dog s or cats a nd dec apitating them w ith his hom e-ma de guillo tine’; 2 or we learn he has invented a machine which draws and quarters them. He uses these machines because he revels in th e anim als’ pain, b ecaus e he relis hes in the sight of blood; or maybe he is a scientist who w ants to stu dy their re action to stress. In this case we rightly surmise that Jones is immoral. We wouldn’t want him to be our pre sident, our fr iend, our next door neighbor, or our son-in-law. In short, we all seem to agree that they a re limits on how we can properly treat nonhuman animals, and that these limits arise becau se of the n ature of th e anim als, not m erely because of the de sires of oth er hum ans to see an imals trea ted we ll. That is, such acts are wrong not merely because other humans are bothered by them. We would think them equa lly wrong if they were secretly done so that no one else in the community knew about them. We think they are wrong because of what it does to the animal. On the other hand, we are also part of a culture which rather cavalier ly uses a nimals for food, for clothes, for research in the development of new drugs, and to determine the safety of household products. And many of these u ses req uire inflicting a great d eal of pa in on animals. Record of such uses is readily available in various academic journals, and chronicled by num erous writers on the topic’. 3 But for the reader who might be unfamiliar with them, let me briefly describe two ways in which we use animals ways which inflict substantial pain on them. Anima ls who are raised for food are obviously raised with the express purpose of making a profit for the farmer. Nothing surprising. But the implications of this are direct and obvious and deleterious to the an imals. There are two ways for a farmer to increase her profit. One is to get higher prices for her goods, the other is to spend less producing those goods. Since there is a limit on how much people will pay for meat, there is substantial financia l pressu re to dec rease th e expe nse of p roducin g the m eat. This under standa bly leads to over-crowding; after all the more animals a farmer can get into a smaller space, the less it costs to produce the meat. There are similar pressures to restrict the animals’ movement. The less the animals move, the less they eat, thus decreasing the farmer’s expense. For instance, farmers who raise chickens are inclined to put them in small `battery’ cages. They are commonly kept `eight to ten to a space smaller than a newspaper page. Unable to walk around or even stretch their wings much less build a nest the birds be come vicious a nd attac k one a nother ‘.4 The average person seems equally unfamiliar with the extensive use of animals in laboratory experim ents. Ma ny of thes e are of o nly mo derate significan ce’; 5 most of the them involve extensive pain on animals. For instance, N.J. Carlson gave hig h voltag e electric shocks to sixteen d ogs an d found that the `h igh-sho ck grou p’ acqu ired `an xiety’ faster. Or researchers in Texas constructed a pneumatically driven piston to pound an anvil into the skulls of thirteen monkeys. When it didn’t immediately produce concussions, the researchers increased the strength of the piston until it produced `cardiac damage, hemorrhages and brain dama ge’. 6 Or researchers at Harvard placed baby mice and ba by rats into cages with starving adult male rats. The adults ate them. The researchers’ conclusion: hunger is an important drive in animals. (That, of course, is some thing we are sho cked to learn; we would have never kno wn this fact otherwise). T HE O PTIONS Now, how d o we sq uare o ur abso lute revu lsion at ou r hypoth etical Jones with his animal guillotine, and our rather blithe acceptance of the treatment of animals on the farm and in the scientific and co mme rcial labo ratories? It is not imm ediately clear tha t we can . What is clear, it seems, it that we have three options, three alternative beliefs about our treatment of anim als. Thes e are: 1) If we are repulsed by Jones treatment of stray animals, we are simply being inappr opriately or unduly squeamish or sympathetic. We should have no aversion to killing, torturin g, or usin g anim als in any way w e pleas e, unles s, of course, that anima l is some one els e’s prop erty, that is, he r pet. 2) There are reasons why we should treat non-human animals better than we treat rocks; nonetheless, there are also reasons why we can use non-huma n anim als in ways we could never legitimately use humans. 3) We should be treating non-human animals more like we currently treat humans. Many of our accepted ways of using animals are, in fact, morally objectionable. The first position, it seems, is completely untenable. No sensible person , I think, is willing to adop t a position which s ays that to rturing a nimals for fun is completely acceptable; no one is willing to say that Jones is a fit mem ber of so ciety. This b elief, it seem s, is virtually unshakable. Most of you understood perfectly well what I meant when I describe d Jone s’s behavior as `torture.’ But this claim would be nonsense if we thought there were no moral limits on how we could treat animals.7 So we are left with the la tter option s. And, of course, which one we choose, will have a dramatic impact on the lives of humans and of other animals. One necessary clarification: to say that animals should be treated more like humans is not to say that they should be treated exactly like humans. For instance, we need not consider giving animals the right to vote, the right to free religious expression, or the right of free speech. As far as I can ascertain, most an imals do n’t have the necessary capabilities to exercise these rights. However, the same is true of very young children and of se verely retarded adults. That is why they don’t have these rights either: the y lack the requisite capacities. Nonetheless, the mere fact that some adult humans are not given the right to vote does n ot mea n it is legitimate to have them for lunch or to test bleach in their eyes. So why assume it is so for animals? W HY ANIMALS SHOULDN’T SUFFER NEED LESS PAIN Until now I have been trying to identify our own deeply held convictions about restriction s on the prope r treatme nt of anim als. Now it is high time to try to offer a positive defense of our ordinary understa nding; a defense which will have even more radical implications that we might have supposed. That is, I want to argue for option three above; I want to a rgue tha t there are rather strin gent lim its on wh at it is morally permis sible to do to anima ls. More s pecifically , I wish to argue that we should all b ecom e vege tarians a nd that w e shou ld dram atically curtail, if not eliminate, our use of laboratory animals. Though there are numerous arguments which can be offered in this rega rd, I want to defend one particular claim: that we should not inflict need less pain on anim als. Before I go on I should make it clear what I mean by `needless pain.’ The point can be made most clear by use of an analogy. Contrast the following cases: 1) I prick my daughter’s arm with a needle for no apparent reason (though we needn’t assume I derive any sadistic pleasure from it). 2) I am a physician and I inoculate her against typhoid. What differentiates these cases? In both I prick her arm; in both (let us presume) I inflict similar amounts of pain. Yet we consider the latter not only ju stifiable, bu t possibly obligato ry; the former we consider sadistic. Why? Because it inflicts unne cessar y pain. M y daug hter doe s not in any way bene fit from it. Thus, unnecessary pain is that which is inflicted on a sentient (feeling) creature when it is not for the good of that particular creature. The latter is necessary pain; it is pain which the creature suffers for her own good. There are two main premises in my argument. The first is the factual claim that anima ls do, in fact, feel pa in. The second is the claim that the potential of animal suffering severe ly limits what we can justifiably do to them, it constrains the way we can legitima tely use them. That an imals fee l pain That anima ls do feel p ain see ms rela tively unc ontrove rsial. It is a belief we all share. As I noted earlier we couldn’t even make sense of `torturing’ an animal if we assumed it was incapa ble of feeling pain. Nor could we understand being repulsed at Jones’s use of stray anima ls unless we thought the animals suffered at Jones’s hands. If Jones collected abandoned tin cans and cut them to pieces w ith his guillo tine, we m ig ht think J ones te rribly odd, bu t not imm oral. But more can be said. We have more than adequate behavioral evidence that anima ls feel pain and that they can suffer. Most of us have seen a dog which has been struck by a car, though not killed instantaneously. The dog convulses, bleed, and yelps. Less drastically, most of us have, at some time or another, stepped on a cat’s tail or a dog’s paw and ha ve witne ssed the anima l’s reaction . The reaction, unsurprisingly, is like our own reaction in similar cases. If someone steps on my hand, I w ill likely yell and attempt to move my hand. But we ne edn’t res t the case on beh avioral e videnc e thoug h it does seem to m e to be more than sufficient. We should also note that we share important anatomical structures with higher o rder an imals. A human being’s central nervous center is remarkably similar to that of a chimpanzee, dog, pig, and even a rat. That is not to say the brains are exactly alike; they aren’t. The cerebral cortex in human beings is more highly de velope d than in most mamm als (though not noticeably so wh en compare d with a dolphin or a Great Ap e); but the cortex is the location of our `higher brain fun ctions,’ for e xamp le, the sea t of thoug ht, speech, etc. However, the areas of the brain which neurophysiologist identity as the `pain centers’ are virtua lly identica l betwee n hum an and non-h uman anima ls. Accord ing to evolutionary biology this is exactly w hat we should expec t. The pa in centers worke d well in enhancing the survival of lower species, so they were altered only slightly in succeeding evolutionary stages. H igher br ain func tions, how ever, are condu cive to survival, and thus, have led to more dramatic advances in cerebral development. Given all this, it seems undeniable that many animals do feel pain. That they feel pain is morally relevant ‘So what?†™ someone might ask. ` Even if animals do feel p ain, why should that limit or at least se riously restrict our treatment of them? Why can’t we still use them for our purposes, whatever those purposes happen to be?’ Let’s turn the question around for a moment and ask why we think we should be able to use them for our purposes, given that they are capable of suffering? After all, we are staunc hly opposed to inflicting unnecessary pain on human beings. If animals can also feel pain, why shouldn’t we have the same reluctance to inflicting needless pain on them? A crucial tenet of ethics is that we should treat like cases alike. Th at is, we sh ould treat two cases the same unless there is some general and relevant reason which justifies the difference in treatment. Thus, two students who perform equally well in the same class should get the same grade; two who perform rather differently should receive different grades. By the same token, if two creatures feel pain and it is improp er to inflict needless pain on one of them , it would likewise be improper to inflict needless pain on the othe r. But the argumen t has pro gresse d too qu ickly. This a rgum ent wo rks only if the reason it is wrong to inflict need less pain on the one creature is that it feels pain. If there is some other reason so me rea son wh ich could differentia te hum an from non-h uman anim als then we would not be able to infer that it is illegitim ate to inflict needless pain on animals. Hence, if someone wishes to show that it is not wrong to inflict needless pain on animals, then she must identify some relevant difference between human and non-huma n animals, some differenc e which justifies this d ifference in treatm ent. And, of course , this is just wh at mos t defend ers of ou r presen t treatme nt of anim als are inclined to do. Tho ugh pe ople on ce rega rded a nimals as non-sentient creatures as mere automata that is no longer so.

Globalization and Inequality in Developing Nations Annotated Bibliography

Globalization and Inequality in Developing Nations - Annotated Bibliography Example The final research paper will have several sections in it that will analyze different aspects of globalization as it has affected and affects the developing nations all over the world and specifically investigate how such aspects have contributed to inequality in developing nations. This paper will be investigative and educative in the sense that it will discuss the globalization effects in developing nations, both positive and negative and how they have contributed to inequalities in developing nations and make recommendations on how developing nations can use this information to ensure that globalization provides more benefits than challenges for them by reducing inequalities within their population.First, the research paper will give a summary of globalization and how it came to be generally and in developing nations. Here, the research paper will seek to give the reader general information on the topic.In discussing the effects of globalization in developing nations, the paper wi ll start by discussing the positive effects of globalization in developing nations and how inequalities came about. Here, the paper will seek to provide the reader with information regarding the manner in which globalization has contributed to growth and betterment of lives in developing nations over time and how this has led to inequalities within the developing nations. To do this, the research paper will discuss different ways through which globalization has positively affected developing nations and the inequalities from these.

Analysis of Jon Krakauer's Into the Wild Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Analysis of Jon Krakauer's Into the Wild - Essay Example These privileges include a loving family, a college degree, a car that he adored as well as money worth $25,000 in his savings account (Krakauer 6). This spurs the question as to why and how would such a young man shut all contact with his parents and family, abandon his vehicle, give out all his money, and leave to spend the next two years as a lonely and homeless drifter. Prior to all this prestige, Chris abandons them, and ventures into the unknown world to look for the rare adventurous life without fully planning and preparing for it. This paper will specifically outline how the young man bearing the name Chris McCandless related with nature during his adventures especially in the wilderness and how the nature treated him back. Chris's McCandless relationship with nature as presented in the film Alaska has long been a magnet that attracts dreamers and misfits, and people who think that their miserable shortcomings will be patched up by wild adventure. Chris experienced the same i llusion because he believed that the wilderness was the best destination. McCandless saw the wilderness as a place free from modern society and its evils as well as a purer state where he could find his identity, and be completely free (Krakauer 13). However, it is not true that the real experience of day-to-day living in the wilderness is as real as Chris and others like him to imagine. The unreality of the wild escapades is shown by Chris’s relationship with nature, which turned out to be unpredictable because at one time the nature seemed very soothing while at other times the same nature was cruel. In the beginning of his adventure, nature attracted McCandless with rare relaxation when he came across natural thermal pools on the Alaskan Highway. Chris bathed in the soothing water and rested in this particular destination as he pondered his next move (Krakauer 27). On the third day, nature presented Chris with the unexpected by offering him a friend named Alex who too was attracted by the pool that had become Chris’s companion for the few days that Chris had remained in the pool next to the highway. However, nature’s reality began to bite as McCandless spent a lot of time trying to find food to keep his soul alive so that he had time to consciously appreciate the wilderness and its adventures as anticipated before. The lack of food depicts itself through his written journal which consists of lists of the food that he found and ate every day. For a period of six weeks, Chris feasted regularly on spruce grouse, squirrel, duck, goose, and porcupine. He survived by fate because he had to try all means to hunt in order to get food, and the hunting task in itself was a tedious experience that exhausted Chris (Krakauer 86). Prior to food and hunting, nature did not offer Chris the desired satisfaction because he walked for more than five hundred miles towards the tidewater, but later reconsidered his plans and came back to where he had spotted the bus and settled there. Surprisingly, Chris’s settlement was not for long because a few weeks later, he changed his mind and decided to go elsewhere. However, the unpredicted nature was at it again and Chris’s journey was cut short by the flooded river (Krakauer 245). He was a weak swimmer and all he could do was turn back to his unsatisfying environment, and unwillingly Chris had to obey nature by turning back to his bus that had become his home. The reason why Chris seems dissatisfied with nature is because he

Quantitative Communication Research Variable Essay

Quantitative Communication Research Variable - Essay Example After alteration to "experience working as an engineer" it acts as contingent condition in the hypothesis: "If a majority of people in the audience has experience working as an engineer, a speaker presenting a technology-related topic gets less open-ended questions than a speaker who is delivering a presentation on a topic which is not technological in nature." Independent variable in the following statement: "If a speaker extensively utilizes logical appeals, a person from the audience, when asked to do so, will be more likely to depict the content of the speech in the form of a diagram than if logical appeals were not used." Dependent variable: "Both students and professors, whose personality type according to the Myer-Briggs test classification is characterized by T (thinking) and J (judging), are more likely to use logical appeals when persuading someone than students and professors who have other personality types." Contingent condition: "If logical appeals are used in the message, more unfavorable change announced to the student body at least two weeks in advance will be perceived better than a less significant change students were not informed about in advance." Independent variable: "Students, who have high grade point average in the undergraduate school, perform worse i

Offense Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Offense Issues - Essay Example In order to avoid influencing the homicide and burglary crime investigating process, it is important to eliminate the problems of personal beliefs and investigation bias. This can be achieved when the investigator conducts a proper research that helps in getting some careful evidence which isolates and identifies the targeted criminal. This helps in avoiding investigation errors such as false accusation and jail sentence to wrong people. Besides, keep away the people who are not part of the crime investigation process so that crucial information is not leaked to the criminals. This facilitates a quick apprehension of the criminals. In fact, witnesses must be questioned properly to gather adequate information about the homicide and burglary crimes committed. Importantly, the investigator should not lead the suspects to his/her own ideas and the prosecution evidence not damaged or tampered with. Besides, it is important to tell the defendant his/her legal rights, and be allowed to hire a legal counsel to represent him/her in the criminal case (Territo, Swanson & Taylor, 2011). Indeed, if the prosecutor was unethical, a number of prosecution problems are likely to occur when the case is presented for trial. In fact, eagerness can make a prosecutor to commit some legal errors during the litigation and cross examination stages of the crime. The prosecutor can get evidence that suits his/her own personal interest. For instance, evidences on a person who has either committed homicide or burglary can be altered in the favor of the suspect, even before he/she is declared innocent (Walker & Rolando, 2007). The evidence tampered with affect the court proceedings of the case greatly since this leads to wrong delivery of judgment. There are even cases whereby the evidences of one person are used on another suspect so that a lighter

Should America have stronger Gun Control laws Term Paper

Should America have stronger Gun Control laws - Term Paper Example The debate seldom applies to hunter’s rights. However, outlawing handguns outright would affect hunters as well as people that simply wish to protect themselves. The Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution states, â€Å"A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a Free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed† (â€Å"The Constitution†, 2006). This, as were all of the first ten amendments to the Constitution, was added by the Founding Fathers so as to provide a more clear definition of the specific rights guaranteed to Americans. Gun control advocates consider the Second Amendment to be â€Å"obsolete; or is intended solely to guard against suppression of state militias by the central government and therefore restricted in scope by that intent; or does not guarantee a right that is absolute, but one that can be limited by reasonable requirements† (Krouse, 2002). However, they only question the need for people to own firearms that are not primarily designed for sporting purposes such as hunting. Obviously, the right to own arms was of supreme importance to the Founders given that it was listed second only after the freedom of religion and speech was documented in the First Amendment. The Founders knew that by ensuring the right to own arms, citizens would have the ability to protect themselves from that which might endanger their life, liberty or pursuit of happiness. This could include bodily protection from persons and animals or from an oppressive government that threatened the freedoms outlined in the Constitution. â€Å"The Second Amendment reflects the founders’ belief that an armed citizenry, called the ‘general militia’ was a necessary precaution against tyranny by our own government and its army. The idea that government has a constitutional right to disarm the general citizenry is totally foreign to the intent of the Constitution’s framersâ₠¬  (Reynolds & Caruth III, 1992). Attempting to disarm criminals is a great plan in some fairy-tale land but is a fruitless venture in the real world. â€Å"The ratio of people who commit handgun crimes each year to handguns is 1:400; that of handgun homicides to handguns is 1:3,600. Because the ratio of handguns to handgun criminals is so high, the criminals supply would continue with barely an interruption† (Department of Commerce, 1986: 171). The prohibition of guns in an effort to diminish criminal activity is as reasonable solution in much the same way the prohibition of alcohol would diminish the occurrences of driving while intoxicated (Kopel, 1988). Gun-control advocates argue that handguns serve no purpose except to shoot people. Any hunter will tell you that this is untrue. This underscores the lack of knowledge these advocates possess concerning the activity they denounce. Handguns are bought mainly for reasons of self-defense but nearly 20 percent buy handguns to use for sport-shooting, target practice and about 15 percent buy handguns as collector’s items. Hunters regularly use handguns as a protection against snakes and to hunt game animals (Aagard, 1987: 32). Anti-Thesis The prohibition of guns in an effort to diminish criminal activity is as reasonable solution in much the same way the prohibition of alcohol would diminish the occurrences of driving while intoxicated. The concept that the easy access to firearms has an important impact on the homicide rates in this country is supported by the preponderance of the evidence.

Object Database Management System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Object Database Management System - Essay Example There are two most important factors that lead users to implement object database technology. Firstly, relational databases turn out to be cumbersome to use with composite data. Secondly, data is usually operated by application software written using object-oriented programming languages such as C++, Java, Delphi and C#, and the code required translating between this demonstration of the data and the tuples of a relational database can be dreary to write, and prolonged to execute. This variance between the models used to represent information in the application programs and the database is sometimes referred to as an impedance variance. Now a day Client-Server applications that depends on a database on the server as a data store while servicing requests from multiple clients are quite ordinary. The majority of these applications use a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) because their data store while using an object oriented programming language for development. The "impedance mismatch" caused as a result of having to map objects to tables and vice versa has long been accepted as an essential performance penalty. Object-oriented databases are designed to work well with object-oriented programming languages such Java, C#, and C++. ODBMS used exactly the same model as object-oriented programming languages. Object database management systems added the notion of persistence to object programming languages. The early commercial products were integrated with various languages: GemStone (Smalltalk), Gbase (Lisp), and Vbase. (COP). COP was the C Object Processor, a proprietary language based on C that pre-dated C++. For much of the 1990s, C++ dominated the commercial object database management market. Vendors added Java in the late 1990s and more recently, C#. (Object database - Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia) Theory We now introduce some basic concept of general system theory. This is essentially a way of understanding a system in terms of those components and characteristics that are common to all systems. We use the term system here in a very specific sense; although one that has much broader application than just computer systems. In everyday speech people may refer to the legal system, a tropical storm system, the system of parliamentary democracy, an eco-system, a system for winning at roulette, a computer system in someone's office, a system for shelving books in a library, a system-build house and many more. Some of these certainly meet our definition of a system and others do not. Probably the only thing that they all have in common is that they have some kind of organization. But in general systems theory, a system is rather more than just anything that shows a degree of organization. Characteristics of a system A system exists in an environment. A system is separated from its environment by some kind of boundary. Systems have inputs and outputs. They receive inputs from their environment and send outputs into their environment. Systems have interfaces. An interface allows communication between two systems. A system may have sub-system. A sub-system is also a system, and may have further sub- systems of its own. Systems that endure have a control mechanism. System control relies on feedback (and sometimes feed-forward). These comprise information about the system's operations or its

Carrier Liability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Carrier Liability - Essay Example It is, however, necessary to refer to the Hague-Visby Rules (hereinafter referred to as HVR) and case law in order to investigate the carrier's liability. The HVR function to clarify the duties owed to, and responsibilities owed by, cargo liners, providing a comprehensive explication of the circumstances and types of damages to cargo which carriers are not liable for as well as those that they may be held liable for. Further, and as established by CoGSA (1971) and by national courts, HVR is applicable when either party to the dispute is a member of a Contracting State.1 With these points in mind, the issues to be investigated are, firstly, whether HVR is applicable in this instance and, secondly, in case of applicability, whether the carrier is liable for the damages to the rice. As determined by English law, and as further emphasised through CoGSA, HVR is enforceable upon carriers travelling from any port in Great Britain and Northern Ireland to any port within it.2 More relevant, however, is the fact that it is enforceable upon carriers that are travelling from a port or to any port which is party to HVR.3 The implication here is the HVR is enforceable as both the USA and Netherlands are parties to HVR. Within the context of the stated, it is important to note that Articles III, 1c and III, 2 of HVR establish the carrier as responsible for ensuring that its holds and chambers are well-suited for the storage of cargo, including their preservation and protection.4 These articles further emphasise that the carrier, including its personnel, are obligated to exercise all due caution to safely store and protect the goods.5 Furthermore, as stipulated in Article II, not only is the carrier responsible for the safe storage of the cargo but it is further liable for any damages which may befall the goods through loading and stowing.6 The above mentioned articles are immediately relevant to the question of the carrier's liability towards the damages which the rates may have wreaked upon the bagged rice. In brief, they establish liability as a direct outcome of the failure of the crew to exercise due care regarding the protection of the cargo from damages. The carrier's liability is established by HVR. HVR, Article IV, 2b states that the carrier is not liable for damages to cargo by "fire, unless caused by the actual fault or privity of the carrier." 7 This liability directly arises from Article IV, 1's assertion that the carrier and its personnel are obligated to exercise all "due diligence" to ensure that the ship is seaworthy and its crew fit.8 The crew did not exercise the requisite due diligence, as is evident from the failure to report the sighting of the rates and, the vessel was not seaworthy, a fact which takes on additional importance when considering liability for delay in delivery. Case law supports the argument pertaining to the carrier's liability, as in the matter of Papera Traders Co Ltd & Ors V (1) Hyundai Merchant Marine Co Ltd (2) Keihin Co Ltd Sub Nom Eurasian Dream (2002)9 In this case, the cargo owners sued the carrier following the occurrence of a fire which destroyed the cargo and rendered the vessel a total loss. As the owners of the

The UK is a member of the European Union but has not adopted the euro Coursework

The UK is a member of the European Union but has not adopted the euro as its currency. To what extent do the benefits of memb - Coursework Example There are a number of reasons to join (or to not join) an international shared currency such as the euro, each of which have more influence depending on the state of the national currency. The purpose of this essay is to evaluate the reasons why the UK has not adopted the euro as its primary currency, and the benefits of joining such a monetary union. The purpose of this is to form an understanding of how a monetary union works and how it can be beneficial or detrimental to partner nations. Perhaps the most commonly cited reason for the UK to join the Euro is so that it can benefit from reduced transaction costs for businesses and consumers (Chapple, 2011). If the UK is part of such a monetary union, there will be no cost for changing currencies before completing a transaction in any country which is part of the Eurozone. Evidently, this will benefit tourists and those travelling to the Eurozone on a regular basis, as exchange rates and commission on currency exchange can be extremel y high (Pettinger, 2011). The lack of currency exchange would also benefit a number of companies which trade in the Eurozone or have trade links with other firms which do. The frictional cost involved in currency exchange is high, and exchanging the pound for the euro as daily currency is estimated to save about 1% of GDP (Pettinger, 2011), a staggering amount of money. It would also help the UK to prepare for international trading if the euro gains strength as an international trading currency (Chapple, 2011). Another benefit of the euro is that it would make costs in the Eurozone more transparent. If a tourist goes to the Eurozone and buys souvenirs or other products, accurate costing requires them to translate the euro price into pounds. The benefit for businesses is that the price of a product in the Eurozone would remain fixed (as long as the price itself is fixed). This would mean that there would be no speculative decisions that need to be made about the best time to buy larg e amounts of product from the Eurozone dependent on current exchange rate (Chapple, 2011). Additionally, companies purchasing large amount of product from the Eurozone could provide more accurate revenue information based upon cost of product without the need to account for these fluctuations in the exchange rate – predictability would be higher. Exchange rate volatility can also mean that exporting products can become unprofitable, which has the potential to have a huge impact on GDP. Adopting the euro could also mean more inward investment for the UK. This would occur as the cost of transactions internal to the Eurozone, as outlined above (Grange, 2002). Inward investment a term used to describe the input of money from outside an economic region into another economic region, and can occur when a company moves part or all of their activity into that region (Grange, 2002). The potential for inward investment is one of the biggest benefits of adopting the euro, particularly in the UK’s current economic climate. Inward investment often leads to the creation of a number of employment opportunities within the economic region (Wikipedia, 2013), which would be hugely beneficial to the UK which is currently struggling with unemployment figures (BBC, 2013). Inward investment is also an attractive way of boosting the economic situation of an area, as it can often be more reliable than investing into small local

The Personal Statement Instruction Essay Example for Free

The Personal Statement Instruction Essay Question 1 Focus: Academic Preparation Question: What is your intended major? Discuss how your interest in the field developed and describe any experience you have had in the field such as volunteer work, internships and employment, participation in student organizations and activities and what you have gained from your involvement. My early academic requirements such as grammar school and middle school years were spent studying in China. I never wavered in my commitment to do my best academically because in China, if you do not have good grades in school, your future would not be bright. My middle school education was finished in the United States. After, I went on to attend four years of high school.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After High School, I enrolled in general courses at Pasadena City College. I am an average student with average grades but a burning passion to learn and draw. I joined various school activities that allow me to hone my architectural skills. I have almost completed all the general courses that I have to take. I am hoping to be able to attend more advanced classes and hone my skills further at your university. I am a very patient person who has the determination to succeed in the field that I have chosen. I have been developing my portfolio of architectural designs over a number of years now. I have also been an active member of various clubs and organizations in Pasadena City College where my design skills are often put to good use. Question 2 Focus: Potential to Contribute Question: Tell us about a talent, experience, contribution or personal quality you will bring to the University of California. *   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I am a friendly person by nature. This is why I would like to be an active participant in school events and politics. I was raised with strong convictions and beliefs about life peoples rights. It is my wish to help the world become united in friendship. I would like to develop my leadership abilities by joining school civic groups and the student council. The school has a large campus and there is always work to be done. I would like to make sure that the student body is always an active participant in the programs that the school has designed to help build character and confidence in a person. College is the happiest time in a students life. I fully intend to enjoy my campus life to the fullest and bring my closest friends and classmates along for the life-changing ride. During my first few weeks at the new school, I expect that I will be joining social activities that will help me blend in with the student body.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I want to join in the civic efforts of the university. I would like to join Habitat for Humanity and help build homes in various parts of the United States. I will continue attending workshops and seminars as well that relate to fine arts and architectural designing. I believe that these seminars help me towards gaining a better understanding of the work that I want to do in the future. I am a highly imaginative person. I always want to be kept abreast of the latest design trends and future concepts. So I will want to spend every spare moment I have gaining the knowledge that I will need. I would like to start an architecture organization on campus. The main objective of this club will be to gather the architecture students and even those students who are not enrolled in architecture but have a love for design and concepts and give them an avenue in which to have a free exchange of ideas. We can have weekend outings where in we can tour the city and visit various architectural landmarks. Perhaps even attend seminars as a group as well. I have had encouraging feedback from the seminar and workshop conductors. They give me the courage and will to go on and see this dream through to the end. I know that the line of study I have chosen is in an area where one has to always be up to date and thinking ahead. This is why I will excel in this field. I am a highly imaginative person and I believe my concepts are far ahead of its time. I have a very keen interest in urban design and architecture. It is my ambition to become a highly competent and popular urban designer or architect known for excellence worldwide. Question 3 Focus: Open-Ended Question Question: Is there anything you would like us to know about you or your academic record that you have not had the opportunity to describe elsewhere in this application? *   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I am Dong Chen. I am currently enrolled as an architectural student at Pasadena City College. I have been living in the United States for a large number of years now. I came to the United States by way of China where I was born and partially raised. My parents value education highly even though they themselves are not university graduates. My brother and I will be the first two in our family to graduate with college degrees.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   My family moved to the United States when I was still an adolescent. They have political reasons for the move. Mother and father wanted my brother and I to have a good future so they insisted on us going to good schools They were able to afford our education, a simple apartment and some amenities in life for the family. Mother works as a rank and file employee at a printing factory while father works a chef.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   My brother is based in San Diego. He has already finished college. He attended university classes at the University of California San Diego. He graduated with a major in Computer Science. He is currently completing his Masters Degree as a student in Cal-State-San Diego.   He is my role model and I always pattern my life after his.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Once I become a student at this university, I will make sure that the chance that has been given to me will not be wasted. I will strive to excel in my field and make sure that I am always at the service of the school and the student body. I can be an adviser to the new Chinese students who are still adjusting to their new life in the USA.

The Effects Of Carbon Dioxide Environmental Sciences Essay

The Effects Of Carbon Dioxide Environmental Sciences Essay Carbon dioxide is a simple mixture of exactly what it sounds like; one part carbon with two oxygen atoms attached to it. Carbon dioxide is in a gaseous state at normal temperatures and its chemical equation is stated as CO2. The gas originates from many different sources around the globe. Some of the most common and highest producers of CO2 are: fossil fuel combustion, iron and steel production, natural gas refinery systems, and the manufacturing of cement. The burning of fossil fuels is the largest single producer of CO2 gas. Many people associate this with the internal combustion engine which powers the modern automobile. In fact, the largest producer of carbon dioxide, in the United States, within the fossil fuel combustion group is the generation of electricity (EPA). Transportation comes in second place in the United States for CO2 production levels. This includes the burning of gasoline, diesel fuel, and many other petroleum based fuels. Although the burning of fossil fuels hap pens to be the largest source of CO2 there are also natural causes of the gas within the atmosphere. The breathing of animals, volcanic eruptions, and release of CO2 from the ocean, which happens to be a large carbon sink (meaning that it stores mass amounts of carbon), are all natural causes of carbon dioxide. One of the great parts about our Earth is the natural way it can clean itself. Carbon dioxide is a naturally occurring gas within our atmosphere. Due to this naturally occurring substance there is a natural way for decreasing the levels of CO2. The processes that absorb and consume carbon dioxide consist of the natural photosynthesis process in which plants/trees use the suns energy and convert it into food. During this process carbon dioxide is drawn in through the leaves and stored within the main mass of the plant/tree. The carbon is then drawn into the soil through the roots of the agricultural crop or tree. This is natures way of drawing the carbon dioxide out of the air and into the ground where it can be stored. Although the plants have temporarily removed the CO2 from the atmosphere the substance still exists and can be re-released into the atmosphere through a tilling process of the ground or digging up the soil. Even though the carbon dioxide is being released into the air again this is how nature self regulates the CO2 on its own. With naturally occurring carbon dioxide levels this process works great. However, it cant completely compensate for human generated carbon dioxide levels which are produced today. The CO2 emissions today are higher than natural amounts due to the burning of fossil fuels as previously mentioned. These increased emissions due to fossil fuels burning can be reduced and battled in order to try and keep the CO2 levels at a manageable amount instead of becoming out of control as the current trend is currently working toward. Technology will help us to develop machines and devices to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels. However, currently we do not have the technology to completely eliminate the gas from our emission list. In order to reduce CO2 emission levels action must be taken to enhance a device in the exhaust of modern machinery. New technologies could also be introduced to various other parts of the combustion process in order to make it more efficient. The more efficient a combustion process is, less fuel will be needed and therefore less CO2 will be produced from that running engine. A great way of reducing the carbon diox ide levels would be to switch over to a different type of fuel energy in order to receive the same amount of work time, or more, with less maintenance. One method of reducing CO2 levels is to use Carbon sequestration. This process involves capturing the exiting carbon dioxide and storing it underwater or underground in order to reduce the CO2 levels in the air. It is a very costly process but it is an option available for reduction of carbon dioxide (Zactruba). The industrial revolution was a major improvement for the world. During this time there werent any regulations on carbon dioxide levels emitted from production plants. Therefore plants back then were producing large amounts of CO2 and nobody thought anything of it until testing was done at a later date. Cars built during this time period were not fitted with emissions sensors and parts due to the lack of requirements for the emissions gasses and the lack of technology during the time. Levels of various different gasses are tested every so often and in 2005 the CO2 levels were tested and the results showed an increase of 35% over the levels tested before the industrial revolution hit. This proves that the industrial revolution along with current fossil fuel burning has produced mass quantities of CO2 and placed the gas into the atmosphere (EPA). The increase in carbon dioxide in our atmosphere is said to have been a contributing factor to the global warming effect. CO2 is named a greenhouse gas along with other gases such as methane and nitrous oxide. These retain heat and emit it at the same time. This causes a long term warming effect with increases in concentrations of the gases. Major increases in the amount of carbon dioxide will lead to this heating effect. With no mass effective way to decrease the amount of CO2 in the air it will be hard to reverse this effect unless a different form of combustion and transportation is developed. With new and emerging technologies it can seem feasible to create a device or vehicle that doesnt emit carbon dioxide through the exhaust of the vehicle or the process of creating the fuel needed to move the vehicle. This technology sounds amazing and revolutionizing. However, it has not yet been fully developed and no promises have been made toward it either.

Benefits of Using Literature in the Classroom

Benefits of Using Literature in the Classroom This chapter attempts to emphasize on relevant literature review that illustrate the following details; definition of literature, the importance of pedagogy, benefits of teaching literature in ESL Classroom, trainee teachers, and past studies. 2.1 DISCUSSION OF MAJOR TOPICS OF STUDY Literature is defined as pieces of writing that are valued as works of art, especially novels, plays, and poems (Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, 2005). For literature in English, William Shakespeare is one of the famous writers who had produced massive masterpieces. He had been widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the worlds pre-eminent dramatist (Greenblatt, 2005). Literature is also known as the window of the world as it offers the learners or readers the gist of ones culture, history, and traditions (Carter Long, 1991) Literature in English has been implemented in the Malaysian education system to enhance students proficiency in the English Language through the study of a set prescribed literary text, as well as contributing to personal development and character building (Ministry of Education, 2000The claim the study of literature is fundamentally a study of language in operation (Widdowson: 1971) is based on the realization that literature is an example of language in use, and is a context for language use. Thus, studying the language of literary texts as language in operation is seen as enhancing the learners appreciation of aspects of the different systems of language organisation (OSullivan, 1991). By the end of the secondary school English Language program, students should be able to achieve the objectives set for them. Unfortunately, after ten years being in the English syllabus, literature is still not seen as an important role to learn English language in Malaysian curriculum. There are several definition of teaching, and one of the definition is by Bruner (1996), he defined teaching as an effort to assist or shape the growth of students; it is mean that teacher should have an effort such as to prepare lessons, should know extra information on what they are going to teach in order to make their students understand more. The teaching process should be a two way communication between the teacher and the students so that it will be a meaningful learning. Therefore, to be able to have a better understanding on an outstanding teaching process that results in meaningful learning, a teacher should have pedagogical knowledge on teaching which contained methods, approaches, and strategies of teaching. 2.1.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF PEDAGOGY According to Collins English Dictionary 6th Edition, 2006, pedagogy is defined as the principles, practice, or profession of teaching. Pedagogy came to be identified as practice, techniques, methods, or implementation, either separated from theory or inadequate to revise it (Salvatori, 1996). In becoming a teacher, trainees should be equipped with the knowledge of pedagogy and should be able to implement and use it in the real classroom. Pedagogy determines the effectiveness of a lesson by implementing the techniques and methods, as stated before. Effective teachers display a wide range of skills and abilities that lead to creating a learning environment where all students feel comfortable and are sure that they can succeed both academically and personally. (Early Childhood/Generalist Standards, 1998). pedagogy considers how education can provide individuals with the tools to better themselves and strengthen democracy, to create a more egalitarian and just society, and thus to deploy education in a process of progressive social change (Giroux, 1994) As explained by Giroux, pedagogy promotes one individual to identify her flaws and discover the potential to be a better person. A teacher, for instance, could discover her/ his weaknesses in teaching by the approaches or strategies used in class. According to Entz (2006), it is possible to identify the crucial elements of teaching that contributes to successful learning for all children by implementing on pedagogical practices with the weakest and most challenging students. Entz adds that the most important areas of inquiry are how the teacher chooses to interact with learners, structures the classroom and delivers the content which conforms to the idea that the knowledge on pedagogy of teaching is crucial in order to be a teacher. In addition, Agree (1998) has stated that Good grasp of content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge and understanding students interests and needs are some of the requirements needed to teach literature competently. Therefore, it is proven that pedagogy is o ne of the important elements in determining whether the lessons are successful or not. 2.1.2 THE BENEFITS OF TEACHING LITERATURE IN ESL CLASSROOM Apart from that, teachers should have discovered the benefit of teaching literature in ESL classroom. According to Dr. Ganakumaran Subramaniam, a president of Malaysian English Language Teaching Association (MELTA), literature is introduced into syllabus for plentiful purposes. Literature is hoped to be able to (1) provide rich and diverse exposure to language, (2) improve vocabulary, syntax, and structure, (3) develop perception and interpretation skills,(4) develop comprehension and motivation. As stated in the Curriculum Specification (also known as Huraian Sukatan Pelajaran Bersepadu Sekolah Menengah), the study of literary texts is meant to inculcate values and broaden learners outlook. All the objectives mentioned can be related to literature component that existing English Syllabus. There are three core areas that literature can help a language learner. The first aspect is literature assist learners language development. According to Fook and Sidhu, (2010), a literature-enriched curriculum not only helps learners improve their reading and writing skills but more importantly helps them internalize grammar and vocabulary. Sidhu(2003) and Savvidou (2004) add that the study of literature unconsciously enhances students overall linguistic competence including their knowledge of syntax, morphology, semantics and phonetics. HiÃ…Å ¸manoÄÅ ¸lu (2005) stated that, literature provides learners with a wide range of individual lexical or syntactic items. Students become familiar with many features of the written language, reading a substantial and contextualized body of text. As stated by Davis et al (1992), literary style and structure pose a problem for students in trying to comprehend literary texts, therefore, it somehow contributes to students attitude towards literature learning. For instance, poems are identically disliked as it contains numbers of figurative language and images which students fail to interpret (Wan Kamariah, 2009). In order to make literature as the prominent role in enhancing English language, teachers should be able to change this hindrance into attraction. Literature also enhances ESL students knowledge about society. In the literary texts prepared, students are exposed with various cultures from different countries. As stated by Kow (2002) noted that childrens books are multifunctional. They help students to expand their imagination, apart from literacy. Literature helps students to cope with problems be they social, cultural, racial or problems that crop up in dealing with life in the real world. It also helps to inculcate specific social attitudes that are thought to be acceptable in their community. In fact, one of the advantages of using literature is that it can serve as a medium to transmit the culture of the people who speak the language in which it is written. (Valdes 137). Valdes also warns us however, not to use literature only as a means of imparting cultural information (Valdes 137). The study of literature allows students to learn new ideas and knowledge. It adds to their understanding of concepts and cultural traditions and values and issues in life. Developing respect for self and others and encouraging one to become aware of ones audience are learning gains to be derived from the study of literature. The third area that literature will benefit English language learner is in fostering students critical thinking. As it is highly suggestive and associative, literature speaks subtly different meanings to different people. It is rare for two readers to react identically to any given text. In teaching, this has two advantages. The first advantage is that each learners interpretation has validity within limits. The second advantage is that an almost infinite fund of interactive discussion is guaranteed since each persons perception is different. That no two readers will have a completely convergent interpretation establishes the tension that is necessary for a genuine exchange of ideas. (Hismanoglu, 2005) In other words, Hismanoglu agreed that literature promotes students to think critically as they have different perception and prior knowledge towards one literary text. According to Norliana Ghani (2009), students prefer books or texts that discuss the issues of youth, relationship, and social changes. These texts or stories are usually have clear language, good organization of the plot, and thought provoking. This is the reason why in literature class, students are encouraged to have discussions or presentations of their opinions which indirectly promote critical thinking. Critical thinking is very useful when it comes to problem solving as one has to weigh before making any decisions. 2.1.3 TRAINEE TEACHERS In this study that involves trainee teachers; several aspects will be looking at. The first one is trainee teachers readiness. In assuring the objectives of the KBSM to be achieved, trainee teachers should be prepared, knowledgeable, and confident to teach the subject that they are majoring in. Teacher preparation accounts for 40% to 60% of the total variance in students achievement (Hammond, 2000). Darling Hammond also added that teacher preparation has a stronger connection with students achievement. Therefore the teachers should be aware of all topics and sub topics used in teaching process and able to discuss as well as enlighten students to understand the topic. As for literature, one of the best ways to have effective literature teaching in school is to be ready and prepared before hand. According to Safiah Osman, (1992), the success of learning and teaching will depend a great deal on the teachers. The problem raises here is whether trainee teachers are well-equipped with relevant knowledge about literature or not. As future English teachers who are going to teach Literature for the subject, they will encounter some problems in teaching literature as they have least knowledge about literature elements. For those who are taking literature as their minor, they will learn various forms of literature from the various Literature subjects for instance Asian Literature, Contemporary Literature, Women and Literature, Literature in the English Classroom, Creative Writing, and Literature and Media. Throughout these subjects, the future English teachers will be learning and analyzing the elements of literature from various pieces of work. This show they gain their knowledge of literary elements and devices needed in teaching literature. Teaching literature during micro/macro teaching is totally different with teaching literature in the real classroom. Teaching audience who have been embedded with the knowledge of the literary texts is very much easier than teaching students who have zero prior knowledge about the text. As stated in a research done by Nor Liyana Ghazali (2009), ninety seven percents of her respondents agree that prior knowledge of the literary texts is vital in comprehending the texts. Through my experience, as a student and also a trainee teacher, most students enter the literature class without reading the texts, even after the teacher had told them to do so. Teachers obviously cant delay the lessons that they have planned before hand, hence, their strategies and techniques in making these students understand and participate in their instruction is crucial. If to compare with students who have analyzed the literary texts, trainee teachers will found a huge difference and realize that their ambitiou s aims and objectives of the lessons cant be implemented in the real classroom. As Grieve stated in his Teaching Strategies and Tips for Adjunct Faculty, teacher should be able to be a facilitator of learning which means they have to know how to develop learning skills and teach students to learn and to organize their materials. He added that teachers are actors or actresses on stage. They are responsible to their audience by assuring that their appearance, conducts, communication techniques, and physical traits are constantly under scrutiny. Teachers are also advised to vary their teaching activities to keep students interested. The usage of teaching aids like films, videos, demonstrations, or mini sketch/drama should be helpful in feeding their attention span. Apart from that, teachers have to be sensitive and alert to early signs of difficulties and ready to provide assistance and referrals to the students. This is parallel to Browns suggestion in teaching English which teachers as the source of information. In literature teaching, teachers should be able to assist students with limitations in areas of reading and writing. 2.2 CONCLUSIONS As the conclusion, it can be seen from the statements above that teachers play crucial roles in determining students interest and attitude towards literature teaching. Teachers possession on pedagogical knowledge, creativity to conduct literature lessons, exposure and readiness to teach literature are the aspects to determine the successfulness of a literature lesson.

charhf Changes in Huck Finns Character :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Huckleberry Finn – The Changes of His Character Throughout the Novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, is a novel about a young man's search for identity. Huckleberry Finn goes through some changes and learns some life lessons throughout his journey. Huck changes from being just an immature boy at the beginning of the novel to being a more mature man who looks at things in a different perspective now. In the beginning of the novel, Huck tends to have an immature side to him. There are some things in the beginning that show that Huck still has a very childish side to him. "They get down on one thing when they don't know nothing about it." (Twain 2) This is showing the ignorance and stubbornness that all children experience throughout life. He thinks as if everything he does is right and everyone else is wrong. "That all comes of my being such a fool as to not remember that wherever you leave a dead snake its mate always comes there and curls around it." (Twain 40) This goes one step further. This shows Huck's Immaturity and Stupidity gone one step too far when he puts the snake in Jim's bed and he ends up getting bit by it. If Huck was more mature and less childish he wouldn't have been playing this so called joke on Jim. Huck learns that jokes have a limit to them at times and need to be thought out more clearly. When the middle of the novel comes around Huck begins to distinguish what is right and wrong in life and begins to mature and do the right thing. He shows this when he chooses not to partake in the scam that the King and the Duke are playing on the Wilks family. Instead he takes the money back from the King and Duke to hide it because he believes it is only fair to the family. "I'm letting him rob her of her money...I feel so ornery and low...I got to steal that money somehow; and I got to steal it some way that they wont suspicion I done it" (Twain 133) This shows that Huck is starting to see the line between games and real life.

Philosophy on education :: essays research papers

The philosophy that I feel the strongest connection to is Progressivism. In my educational journey the teachers that have made the most significant impact have been progressive. From K-12, I had two teachers who used the progressivism method and the lessons that I learned from them are still with me today. The progressive teachers express more individuality and creativity than others. Progressive educators relate material to real-life experiences that the learner can relate to. They generally conduct group activities rather than individual assignments. Progressivism opposes many of the concepts and practices associated with essentialism. My personal philosophy adopts ideas from both. Essentialists believe that children learn from traditional basic subjects such as reading, writing, history, math, and science. Progressives believe that learning is stimulated by tuning into problem solving skills. I believe that students learn most effectively when both concepts are utilized together. Many teachers that I have encountered were essentialist because this is what they were taught. The essentialism philosophy had been the dominant approach to education in America from the beginning of our history. However early in the twentieth century essentialism was criticized as being too rigid to prepare students adequately for adult life. Dewey was a major figure in the Pragmatic movement that later became known as progressivism. Every educator has their own thoughts and ideas about education, educational processes, and what they feel is the best way to educate students of today and tomorrow. These philosophies are built on the individual’s personal experiences and beliefs. My philosophy is like that of many new teachers, eclectic. There are ideas of many philosophies that I agree with and just as many that I disagree with. Teachers are as diverse as the students they teach. I believe that it takes a combination of several philosophies to reach each student in a classroom. Harris-Stowe State College’s Conceptual Framework advocates for effective teachers for a diverse society. Their roles include the user of technology, counselor, skilled instructor, communicator with parents, and diagnostic prescriber to name few of the criteria that would make for an effective teacher according to Harris Stowe’s framework. Successful teachers also have to utilize strictness, motivation, compassion, patience, honesty, and flexibility to educate the students that are a part of our diverse educational arena today. Teachers are not just responsible for their student’s educational growth. They have to be responsible for the growth of the whole child.

The Case of Billy Frank Vickers :: Essays Papers

The Case of Billy Frank Vickers According to the article, Prosecutors Doubt Inmate Confession True, by Angela K. Brown, Billy Frank Vickers, condemned inmate, received a lethal injection on Wednesday night January 28, 2004 for a 1993 murder after confessing that he was involved in about a dozen other crimes, including the shootings that placed a cloud of suspicion over Davis for three decades (Brown). Jack Strickland, a former prosecutor in the Davis case, said he had never heard of Vickers and that his claims were a last-ditch attempt to get attention and monkey around with the system. Now the question arises of whether lethal injection was the best option for punishing Billy Frank Vickers, not because he is innocent, but because of the question of whether it is humane to take away someone’s life by inserting chemicals into his or her body that may cause more pain than can ever be imagined. I personally believe that there is no justifiable reason to give someone the death penalty as a form of punishment. In the minds of the American public and jurors in capital cases the perception of lethal injection is of a clean, clinical, and painless end. As stated in the article, Lethal Injection, seventy-one percent of those responding to a 2001 survey considered injection to be the least cruel form of execution (Lethal Injection). This perception is an advantage to the state because the public is much more willing to accept execution in this form and jurors are more willing to convict and pass the death sentence. At times it is understood why the death penalty would be considered in cases. Maybe the people are a threat to not only society but also to themselves, and need to be put to death so they can do no harm to anyone. Vickers gunned down a grocery store owner who was probably trying to make a living for himself and his family. Now this man is gone; his family is left in agony, and maybe Vickers deserves to die. Some people may say an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, but do two wrongs make a right? Some people may consider the death penalty as inhumane. As stated in the article, Naked City, by Rita Radostitz, Texas uses three chemicals in the lethal injection process: sodium thiopental (an extremely short-term anesthetic), pancuronium bromide (which paralyses the diaphragm and other muscles so the inmate is unable to move or speak, even if he is in pain), and potassium chloride (which stops the heart).

How Shakespeare Presents Helena Essay

Helena is clearly longing for something to make her like Hermia in hope that Demetrius would see some of Hermia in her. She is also jealous of Hermia’s beauty. It also shows us that she is insecure about her own appearance. The audience would’ve felt sorry towards her at this point as she is clearly devastated about Demetrius. A bit more into the play Helena expresses her confusion and betrayal towards Demetrius. â€Å"For ere Demetrius looked on Hermia’s eyne, / He hail’d down oaths that he was only mine. / And when this hail some heat from Hermia felt,/ So he dissolv’d, and showers of oaths did melt. In this metaphor Helena is saying that Demetrius had made so many promises to her like balls of ice (hail stones) but when Hermia came along he made broke them causing Demetrius’s promises to have melted. We feel sympathetic towards Hermia as Demetrius led Helena on, making all of these promises when only later he would break all of them. Desp eration is shown when Helena tells Demetrius about Hermia and Lysander’s plan to run away, betraying Hermia in the process. She is so desperate that she betrayed her best friend, Hermia. It was a bit hypocritical of her to betray Hermia and endangering their friendship like that when later on she accuses Hermia of throwing away their friendship when actually Hermia was stating the truth. â€Å"But herein mean I enrich my pain, / To have his slight thither, and back again. † In this quote it shows that Helena has come to the conclusion that Demetrius would never love her. So she would betray her best friend to just be pleased with by Demetrius but this doesn’t seem the case when you read later on in the play that Demetrius gets even more irritated with Helena. Helena is basically saying that even though it would pain her to see Demetrius chasing after Hermia she would still do it. At this moment the audience would’ve felt annoyed and sympathetic. The audience annoyed at Helena because she had ruined her best friend’s plan just to help her in her love life. This would be considered as selfish. However we would be sympathetic towards her as she has completely given up on being loved by Demetrius. However when her wishes are finally granted she doesn’t believe it creating a huge argument: â€Å"Wherefore was I to this keen mockery born? When at your hands did I deserve this scorn? † At this point Helena lets out all the insecurities, anger and sadness she’s ever been feeling. Her life for the last couple of months has been an emotional rollercoaster. â€Å"Is’t not enough, is’t enough, young man, / That I did never, no, nor never can/ Deserve a sweet look from Demetrius’ eye/ But you mu st flout my insufficiency? † The repetition that she uses suggests that she is so angry at Demetrius that she repeats her words; she’s so angry that she cannot think straight. The whole reason she’s angry is that she thinks that they are mocking her as Helena cannot believe anyone could possibly love her as she is so used to being rejected. If Demetrius couldn’t love her, who would? Her low self esteem also appears into her passage and her words. Helena feels confused at how anyone could ever like her and most of all outraged that her friends would mock and make fun of her. The audience feel humoured at this situation as Helena is claiming that Lysander and Demetrius don’t love her when actually they are in love with her to the point of madness. We also feel sorry towards her as she sees herself as a reject. At the end, when the confusion is solved and Helena finally has Demetrius she says some final words. â€Å"So methinks; / And I have found Demetrius, like a jewel, / Mine own, and not mine own. † In this metaphor she compares Demetrius to a jewel like she had been digging for a diamond and had finally found it. It shows how much Helena values Demetrius. At this point she finally realises that Demetrius actually does love her. At this point the udience would be feeling happy for Helena as she’s finally cheerful. However they might think that Demetrius doesn’t actually deserve Helena. In conclusion, Helena is showed as a heartbroken and desperate girl at the beginning then at the end she seems happy. The audience experience a range of emotions towards her, including sympathy, irritation and happiness. At the end of the play, we are likely to feel happy and satisfied because she finally has what she wan ts. Also throughout the whole play she is always depressed, sad or scolding herself.

Micromax Mobile

A study treat on the Brand Micromax By Punyadeep Singh PRN 59, MBA 09-11, SIOM Introduction The unst able-bodied phone commercialize in India is worth 130 trillion handsets annually. While the big boys like Nokia, Samsung, LG, Motorola and Sony Ericsson find up for 70% sh be, the securities industry has of deeply seen a slew of house servant firms such as Micromax, Karbonn and Intex making large inroads and overbold established defacements like Videocon and Onida entering the field.Among the domestic firms, one of the or so promising brand is Micromax. Few years ago, when Vikas Jainists firm was delivering in haomaation processing system printers and monitors across India, he saw introductory-hand how pervasive Nokia had become. Just as in Europe, where most peoples scratch officious phone was make by the Finnish giant, it had repeated the discombobulate of getting in first and cover the subcontinent with its no-frills handsets. Despite Nokias dominance, the Indian mobile-phone marketplace was far from being saturated. Jain saw his chance.From a standing incision two years ago, his telephoner, Micromax, is direct irritated off 1 million phones a month. He believes that next month it could beguile Samsung, with 11% of the market, and seize blink of an eye home base in India. When Nokia or Samsung roll egress a new model they do so from its global portfolio rather than innovation something specifically for India, said Jain, who set up the confederacy in 1990s on with three friends from engineering collegeRahul Sharma, Rajesh Agarwal and Sumeet Kumar, all of whom are in their mid-30s to early 40s.Micromax, started operations in 1991 as an embedded software be after firm, but was incorporated as a comp any in 1998, when it branched out as a distributor of computer peripherals such as printers, monitors, scanners from manufacturers such as LG, Sony Inc. , Dell Corp. To daylight, Micromaxis one of the leading Indian Telecom Comp anies with 23 domestic offices across the commonwealth and international offices in Hong Kong, USA, Dubai and at one time in Nepal. With a futuristic hallucination and an exhaustive R&D at its helm,Micromaxhas successfully generated innovative technologies that brook revolutionised the telecom consumer space.Micromax, as they claim on the confederacys website, is on a charge to successfully overcome the technological barriers and eer engender career enhancing solutions. Micromaxs first innovation was a handset with 30 old age of standby battery life crucial in a country like India where power failures are common. beside there was a dual memory board card phone, priced at ? 26, for callers who like to trance the cheapest tariffs. The companys vision is to pose path-breaking technologies and efficient processes that incubate newer markets, enliven guest aspirations and to makeMicromaxa trusted market leader amongst people.Micromaxhas a lot of evoke and thoughtful prod ucts to its credit on their various(a) product portfolio. It was the first to introduce 1. Handsets with 30 days battery backup 2. Handsets with triplex SIM / Dual Standby 3. Handsets Switching Networks (GSM CDMA) victimisation gravity sensors 4. Aspirational Qwerty Keypad Handsets 5. Operator brand 3G Handsets 6. OMH CDMA Handsets,etc. With a 360 degree advertisement and marketing strategy sketched out, the company has an starry-eyed outlook for the telecom consumer space.Currently deport in more than than40,000 storesacross the country, the company plans to have an aggressive market penetration to reach out to its customers through70,000 in operation(p)(a) storesin the coming year. One of the major(ip) aspects that contribute towards the substantial monthly ontogeny of Micromax is its 80% sales in the pastoral areas. After building a real presence in the rural market, where the swelling of both subscribers and hustlers is rapidly increasing, Micromax is now progress ively moving towards establishing its foothold in the competitory urban towns as well.Micromaxrecently ventured into the telecommunication industry with an end-to-end solution of frigid Wireless DevicesandWireless Data Cards. In the year 2008, after delivering upon the technology of mend wireless-powering desired products, the company forayed into one of the most predominant genres of telecommunication Mobile handsets. Since thusMicromaxhas received commendable response for its queer and interesting handsets. Innovation, Cost-Effective, Credible and an Insightful R&D are given advanced emphasis at Micromaxin the telecom vertical. Micromax as a Brand in the Media Posted Monday, February 8, 2010. 045 PM IST on livemint. com (website of the famous B-newspaper) Micromax challenges Samsung, LG in mobile phone stakes. The news raise elaborates that Citigroup Global Markets Inc. has confirmed Jains assertion in a 3 February report, which said Micromax had a 10% market share, putting it at No. 3 behind Nokia and Samsung, which had 12-13%. The success of Micromax prompted US cloak-and-dagger equity groupTA Associatesto deprave less than 20% of the firm for final stage to $45 million (Rs210 crore today) in December, valuing it above $225 million and indicating confidence in its yield potential.Jain estimated that the firm will close the fiscal with sales at near Rs1,500 crore. The Brand Micromax has now started gaining acceptability not only with the consumers but in any case with the images, which now has started portraying it with a positive image. Whereas increase consumer sales support the acceptance among the consumes, followers quoted are some extracts from the news reports that appearing that media is withal looking up to this brand. Micromax seems to have interpreted a breath of judicious air and totally remade their presence.From their previously depressed website, theyve moved into a much more vibrant state and theres clearly a significant battle in their mobiles as well, at to the lowest degree cosmetically, quotes www. tech2. in in a review for its newly despatched model X360. Micromax has also tied up some delightful big brands like Yamaha for enhancing their audio experiences and the X360 comes with an MTV brand and exclusive content. A section from the mobile handset market, Micromax was recently in the news for its league with BSNL. State-owned Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. ntered into an agreement with Micromax for sale and dispersal of 3G selective information card to its subscribers. As per the agreement, Micromax would sell and circulate 3G data cards in the form of USB to the BSNL subscriber in various cities. In another venture, Micromax launched the Indias first operator brand3G mobile phone H360, in association with MTNL. The H360, pre-loaded with applications to enable video calls, mobile TV, social networking, wirelessbusiness solutionsthrough web browsing and other Internet-based services. carrefo ur Differentiation So, as listed Micromax has been quite in force(p) in the marking a diversity with almost every product that it launched. The stove that they have covered varies quite a large variety. Right from the handsets with 30 days battery backup, dual SIM, handsets switching networks (GSM CDMA) apply gravity sensors, aspirational QWERTY keypad handsets to operator branded 3G handsets to the most exciting OMH CDMA Handsets,etc.every product of Micromax had the potential to grab the guardianship of media as well as the consumers in a market which is already swamp with mobile phone handsets and a launch is there in every day or two. Image Differentiation From inelegant to the Urban grounds Micromax specialized in entry-level and mid-segment handsets priced between Rs1,800 and Rs2,400 when it started selling the devices in 2008, control itself to small towns and rural areas in the first 12-18 months.Encouraged by its success, the firm grow to larger cities and now has a distribution network of 55,000 retailers, which it plans to scale up to 70,000 by the end of March as part of its strategy to raise sales to 1. 5 million handsets a month. The journey is also now spans through the wide drop that Micromax plans to offer to its consumers in the coming period. Micromax is grooming to expand its range in memory with new market demands. It is readying several(prenominal) high-end handsets, including phones that will run on Googles Android and Microsofts Windows Mobile operating systems.The handsets are expected to be slack in April or May, Jain said. Micromax has also tied up with a Bollywood celebrity who will be proclaimed shortly as brand ambassador, Jain said. Channel Differentiation Micromax has invested Rs100 crore to set up a localize in Baddi in Himachal Pradesh as it feels outsourcing manufacturing completely leaves the door open for supply-side uncertainties. Production will be leprose up from an initial 50,000 per month. If everythi ng goes right, by the terzetto phase in March 2011, the Baddi plant will be making approximately 500,000 handsets, Jain said.If the plant isnt able to cope with the numbers, the fallback plan is to grasp a facility in southeastward Korea, Taiwan or China, he added. Nokia has a plant in Chennai, established in 2006 at a cost of well-nigh $150 million, from where it also exports. Summary bowl very recently, Micromax was seen as a second grade brand with hardly any brand value. But with the recent reports listing the figures in the companys opt as well as the abundant branding done by the company itself along with the interesting product portfolio has taken the brand to a respect slope.And the position is still is very promising for the future. For a company which still has not been listed on any exchange, a turnover of about(predicate) 1500 Cr. can be termed as huge. for sure the company has the potential to be a threat to the foreign giant as it has been successful in stud ying the Indian mindset better. Micromax spent heavily on branding during the recent India v SA Jaypee Infratech cup A recent Economic multiplication report

How to write an introduction for a dissertation?

The introduction is the starting point of your dissertation. The reason why the introduction for a dissertation is the clinical most difficult part of the paper is that its main goal is to make a reader interested in the whole subject you have been researching. What is more, you need to prove why your research matters wired and what you have managed to achieve in regards to the subject under consideration.Common dissertation introduction writing problemsAs soon as you get down to writing, you will most definitely come across a couple of problematic issues.Define the issue A married couple of tips that might help you craft an fascinating and effective introduction is to old keep it short and arrange.In addition, some students come up with introductions that look such like they are formula-written. Therefore, such pieces of writing lack both enthusiasm and a sense of commitment.Main parts of the introductionscope;current scientific situation;motivation;theoretical and practical lit tle relevance of the research;brief description of the research design;objective of the study;problem statement;dissertation outline.You need to begin with stating the motive for your research.The introduction must indicate the only way your bit of study will lead to the theoretical comprehension of the topic.

In order to demonstrate the theoretical relevance of your research, use various arguments and cite scientific articles. Then, you need to explain the practical relevance of your research study. Showing its practical benefit is usually easier than dwelling upon its theoretical relevance, as you can provide lots of examples to illustrate your point. Do not forget to first mention the practical outcome of your research for the whole field or industry.An introduction is among the ingredients of a dissertation.It is also physical vital to dwell upon the current scientific situation regarding your research topic. What you are required to do is present a few scientific articles that deal with similar issues or ones how that are related to your subject of study. Briefly explain the gist and the main message of those articles. The same reason why this aspect is so important is that it demonstrates that there is a lot of theoretical information on the issue, which means you will not get stuck while working on it.Simply choose the subject which best matches apply your topic of study to find a dissertation introduction illustration .

Try to summarize the gist of each previous chapter in one sentence. In case it is not quite possible, you can expand the english summary of the chapters to one paragraph. Keep in mind that the outline should not be repetitively phrased. Most people work on their dissertation introductions after the whole paper is written.Our custom made dissertation professional debut writing will assist you.Make sure you write to the point. Do not repeat yourself. Present very useful information to the reader. Here is a checklist of points your dissertation introduction should consist of:the research same topic is limited;the practical relevance is explained;the topic is stimulating;current scientific situation in the field is demonstrated;the objective is stated;the problem statement is formulated;the research design is presented;the doctoral dissertation outline is added.Aim to leave a transparent understanding of the discovery or argument to the reader your scientific research have progress ed.

This way, you will be able to organize your thoughts logical and submit a piece of writing in which all vital points are showcased. Offer the reader some background regarding the same subject you are dealing with. Clarify what the focus of your study is. Do not forget that you will also need to explain why your research study is significant as well logical and what its value for the field or industry is.Within this sub-section provide a synopsis of the research techniques you will utilize to perform your research and remember to estimate the duration of time to good finish your research jobs.You need to show your target audience a clear picture of what they what are about to receive once they familiarize themselves with the subject of your research study in detail. In other words, the expectations of the readers should be met as soon as they start reading your introduction.Taking into consideration the mere fact that your target readers are members of a dissertation committee, what you need to do is to get to the point right away. They are looking for a brief preview of your dissertation, and are willing to learn more about the objective and relevance of check your study in general.Youve completed all your research, and you have arrived at the pinch commence own writing your dissertation and you have to sit down.

Do not forget to define the public key terms of your dissertation. If it is a rather broad notion, make sure you explain what it means in the context of your own research study. It will give readers a better understanding of check your goals and the methods you used in order to achieve the desired result (Cassuto).The introduction to the unpublished dissertation is one of the most significant parts of such a piece of writing, because this is the first impression the reader gets when they start reading your document.Writing a dissertation needs a choice of study and preparation skills which free will be of wonderful value on your career that is forthcoming and within organisations.Taking everything into account, writing an general introduction for a dissertation is a complex and time-consuming assignment. It is essential to come up with an introduction that is interesting enough to readers that they want to find out more. Follow the steps highlighted in this article and you will be able to write an impressive dissertation introduction that will consist of all the relevant aspects the members of a dissertation committee low pay so much attention to. Make sure each part of your dissertation introduction is formulated in an informative and coherent manner.Attempt to limit your acknowledgement dissertation to a page.